Grab Instantly On The Genealogy Of Morality Fashioned By Friedrich Nietzsche Presented As Ebook
دیگر نیچه و حقیقت! به راستی حقیقت چیست و نیچه چه میگوید بگذارید توضیح دهم!
نیچه میگوید همهی زندگی انسان از آغاز تاکنون بیهدف و بیمعنا بوده است. انسان رنج میکشد و از خود میپرسد: "پس رنج من به خاطر چیست". او نمیتواند معنایی برای این رنج بیابد. اینجاست که دین وارد میشود. دین چه میگوید میگوید: "البته که رنج تو مقصری دارد. خود تو!".
دین میگوید "انسان, گناهکار است و این رنج همان کیفر گناهان است". این چنین یک معنا ساخته میشود. برای انسان دردمند یک معنای بد به هرحال بهتر از بیمعنایی است.
اما نقد نیچه چیست نیچه میگوید این چنین معنایی برای رنج انسان را به انحطاط میکشاند و او را به ورطه پوچی سوق میدهد. پوچی و انسان بیمارگون منفعل که خود را خوار و حقیر و گناهکار میشناسد همان ارمغان دین است. دین بیمارکننده است.
نیچه میگوید همهی مفاهیمی که تاکنون نام حقیقت بر آن نهادهاند دروغی بیش نبوده است. حقیقت یعنی رابطه انسان با جهان که اساسا قابل کشف نیست.
نیچه میگوید اولا حقیقت وجود ندارد صرفا میلی در انسان به باور حقیقت وجود دارد. ثانیا رابطهی انسان با جهان بر مبنای استعاره است. یعنی که انسان جهان را بر مبنای احساسات و برداشتهای شخصی و فرافکنی احوال درک میکند. یعنی حقیقت یکجور چشم انداز است و چون چشماندازهای بیشماری وجود دارد بنابراین حقیقت اصلا وجود ندارد.
حال اگر حقیقت وجود ندارد پس با این هراس چه باید کرد نیچه میگوید درست است که رابطه انسان با جهان به صورت کامل درک نمیشود اما همان رابطه مجازی و دست و پا شکستهی مبتنی بر اشاره و تأویل را به گونهای میتوان درک کرد. از راه هنر.
اما چگونه
نیچه میگوید هنر زیبایی جهان را آشکار میکند. تنها چیزی که اصالت دارد زندگی است. و هنر به ما میگوید زندگی زیباست و تا زیبائی هست زندگی باید کرد. هنر زندگی را برای انسان قابل ادامه میسازد. اما تکلیف معنا چه میشود پس معنای زندگی ما چیست
بگذارید داستان زرتشت نیچه را توضیح دهم.
زرتشت که بود برای ما ایرانیها او مخترع اخلاق است. همان کسی بود که گفت: "زندگی یعنی گفتار نیک پندار نیک و کردار نیک". نیچه میگوید او مخترع اخلاق است و در واقع او مخترع همه دروغهایی است که آنها را به عنوان حقیقت میشناسیم. بنابراین هم اوست که باید جهان را از این طاعون اخلاق که خودش به جان انسان انداخته آزاد کند و انسان را به جایی فراسوی نیک و بد رهنمون شود. زرتشت پس از اختراع اخلاقیات به کوه های آلپ میرود و سالها آنجا میماند. حالا زرتشت برمیگردد تا جهان را از این توهم حقیقت و از دینی که خود مخترع آن بود پاک کند. زیرا او این توهم را از هر کسی بهتر میشناسد.
نیچه میگوید معنای زندگی انسان از همین جا ساخته میشود. انسان بر خلاف آن چه مذهب میگوید گناهکار نیست. نیچه میگوید انسان از طریق درک زیبایی جهان به زندگی خود معنا میبخشد. او حرکت خود را از پستی به سمت انسان والا آغاز میکند. انسان والا یک جان آزاده قدرتمند است که همه چیز را از نو پایهریزی میکند. او اخلاق راستین را میآفریند.
نیچه میگوید: "ما هنر را داریم تا حقیقت ما را نابود نکند". معنی این جمله چیست این جمله یعنی این که هوشیاری ما از این نکته که حقیقت وجود ندارد میتواند کشنده و ناامید کننده باشد. اما هنر ما را از این ناامیدی حفظ میکند. هنر به ما میگوید زندگی زیباست و با همه سختیهایش ارزش زیستن دارد.
نیچه از ما میخواهد که با ارادهای سخت به زندگی آری بگوییم و برای داشتن یک جان آزاده تلاش کنیم و از آن تنبلی و سستی و بیکاری و بیانگیزه بودنی که دین و عرفان آن را تشویق میکنند و آن پوچی ناامید کننده جدا شویم. این است مفهوم انسان انسانی باش زیادی انسانی.
نیچه خود درباره 'تبارشناسی اخلاق' میگوید:
"سه رسالهای که این تبارشناسی از آن تشکیل میشود از جنبهی بیان قصد و هنر غافلگیری شگفتترین نوشتهای است که تا امروز نگاشته شده, حقیقت نخستین رساله روانشناسی مسیحیت است. تولد مسیحیت از رنج است و برخلاف باور معمول از روح نیست. رسالهی دوم روانشناسی وجدان است. این روانشناسی بر اساس مفهوم 'ندای الهی در وجود انسان' نیست. بلکه احساس گناه ناشی از 'درونیشدن' غریزه خشونتی است که رو به گذشته دارد.
رساله سوم پاسخی به این مساله است که آرمان زهد از کجا نشأت میگیرد. هر چند که زهد یک آرمان مضر و سرچشمهی فساد است این تنها آرمانی است که تاکنون مطرح شده و هیچ رقیبی نداشته است. زیرا انسان بیشتر دوست دارد امری بیهوده را بخواهد تا اصلا خواستی نداشته باشد. به ویژه که آرمان مخالفی جز زرتشت نیز وجود ندارد.
هر سه رساله سه کار مهم و جدی روانشناسانه برای بازسنجی تمام ارزشهاست و در این کتاب برای نخستین بار مطرح میشود". در مجموع کتاب خوبی بود به خصوص بخش دوم که راجع به گناه و بد وجدانی است کاملا برای کسانی که علاقهمند به روانکاوی فرویدی هستن توصیه میشه. تنها مشکلش از نظر من شیوهی ارائهای از زبان فارسی بود که مترجم انتخاب کرده بود. واقعا شیوهی ترجمه رو دوست نداشتم Chronology
Introduction amp Notes
Note on the Text and Translation
Further Reading
Preface
First Essay: 'Good and Evil', 'Good and Bad'
Second Essay: 'Guilt', 'Bad Conscience' and Related Matters
Third Essay: What Do Ascetic Ideals Mean
Notes چی میشه گفت فکر نمیکردم انقدر عالی باشه.
خب با اینکه توقع داشتم نیچه خیلی خوب باشه با توجه به شنیده ها و خوندن یکم اینور اونور اما از حد انتظارمم خیلی بالاتر بود. هی میخوندم و جلوتر میرفتم و با خودم حسرت میخوردم که چرا نیچه زود از دنیا رفت. کاش بیشتر بود و بیشتر مینوشت.
در مورد ترجمه هم هرچند مشخص بود آقای آشوری دقیق و باسواده اما از لغات ناملموسی که استفاده کرده و این فهم متن را دشوار کرده و جالب نیست. A truly delightful intellectual romp that is both entertaining and disturbing,
It is entertaining because Nietzsche is an outrageously brilliant writer who expresses his complex philosophical ideas in a creative way, and who makes even the most cynical ideas sound beautiful.
Nietzsche is truly blessed for having the analytical brain of a philosopher as well as masterful skill in sculpting beautiful phrases, like a poet.
It is disturbing because of Nietzsche's tremendous cynicism, which can often make one uncomfortable depending on how attached you are to a certain belief.
There is no way around it: this book will probably offend you, If you are a Christian, it will offend you, If you are a leftist of any kind whatsoever it will offend you, If you are an atheist, someone who believes in the power of science, or an agnostic, it will offend you, If you believe in eastern philosophies, it will offend you, That is the real beauty of Nietzsche: he challenges your beliefs and offers a compelling alternative, The Genealogy of Morals is more full of Nietzsche's criticisms of ideas than his attempts to supplant them, though,
I cannot stress how wellwritten this book is, Nietzsche's words will annihilate your beliefs at the same time that they caress your mind,
It isn't quite up to par as Nietzsche's masterpiece, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which is one of my favourite books, But it is still excellent, The only major flaw in this otherwise nearperfect book is that I find his argument is really scattered, Thus Spoke Zarathustra was scattered as well, but it didn't hurt that work because Nietzsche was deliberately trying to be esoteric and hard to understand and that worked really well, since Those Spoke Zarathustra is written as a kind of satire of religious scripture.
But Genealogy of Morals is his most structured work, and it doesn't seem that Nietzsche is trying to be overly hard to understand here, so I can't forgive him on that one
Other than that small nitpicky detail, this is a truly excellent work of philosophy.
Highly recommended to anyone who likes to read philosophy, It's very short, too.
The following review has been updated after having read the kingdom of god is within You by Tolstoy, Still, i left the original review unchanged until the very end,
What is the meaning of life ”
But why are you asking yourself even this question
What is the value of answering that question
As in, What is the value of that truth
That will to truth , that will to know the meaning of life that is inserted in each man, is a problem in us.
The fact that suffering life has no meaning has blanketed mankind,
. and the ascetic ideal gave us a meaning to that suffering,
Thanks to biblical answers, the door was shut to all suicidal nihilism,
But that very new meaning given to us, brought to us more suffering Im going to develop this aspect further below.
. yet, at least now we had a meaning to live, . no more aimless suicidal depressions bc of it and by that, we negate the possibility of giving up on willing to live as in by that, we could WILL to live
But then, those same ppl.
. keeps on their daily lives expressing/feeling:
how they hate certain ppl coworkers or whatever ppl that upset you,
they express a fear of happiness bc it might lead to disappointment,
they express a longing to get away from appearance cos too superficial ,
they express a hatred of growth “I wanna stay forever young”
basically by ACQUIRING a will to life, they just end up expressing A WILL AGAINST LIFEs most fundamental prerequisites happiness, other humans, growth, etc
I like how hes observing this paradox in man
His point is that: 𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥.
/
And he find in that a great danger to mankind: this temptation to nothingness, . thats the beginning of the end for him, mankind turning its will against life,
Now here, hes going to debunk WHY this will to nothingness happens: “the origin of bad conscience”
Nietzsche looks on bad conscience as a serious illness to which man was forced to succumb by the pressure of the most fundamental of all changes.
. he found himself emoticones within the confines of society and peace
He takes for example : animals at the beginning that were happily adapted to the wilderness, war, the wandering of life and adventure.
. but now theyre chained down by their masters and sometimes are lost, clumsy without him around, .
similarly, man experiences a feeling of misery on earth, . due to getting accustomed to all religious morals
his instincts had not ceased to makes its demands within him!
All instincts which are not discharged outwardly turn inwards , and this evolves into the soul.
. the bigger the sensation of our soul within us, the bigger the amount of unsatisfied demands
Animosity, cruelty, the pleasure of pursuing , raiding, changing and destroying
Forced into the oppressive narrowness and conformity of custom, man impatiently ripped himself appart, persecuted himself, gave himself no peace and abused himself THIS is the origin of bad conscience.
This animal who battered himself raw on the bar of his cage and who is supposed to be “tamed”, has had to create an adventure , a torture chamber, an unsafe and hazardous wilderness.
Instinct of freedom forced back, repressed, incarcerated , finally only able to unleash itself only against itself, . that and that alone is bad conscience
One of his other pbs with Christianity:
He argues that, while the Christian Priest soothes the pain caused by a moral wound, he poisons the wound at the same time.
.
as in he puts blame of this moral upon his “patient” for the purpose of selfdiscipline, selfsurveillance, selfovercoming
The priest combats the discomfort of the sufferer but not the actual cause, not the actual state of being ill.
. cos at the end, the sufferer still inwardly suffers
This book is called on the Genealogy of Morals, and this is why he is just explaining concepts instead of offering solutions.
. the title was telling.
On Beyond Good and Evil , you grasp better his proposal to mankind an offering for them to think thoroughly by themselves, each one of us.
Stop cloning ourselves through religions, teachings and teachers, and instead each one of us should practice profound thinking and come out as Superman with our own sagacity
This book offers me more insight on his qualms with the modern man.
Like from the very origins, I think this book and beyond good and evil overlap well with each other,
Also, let me take a second to talk about his prose
Nietzsches prose is condescending, puzzling, arrogant and poetic !
I see Nietzsches art as saddistic.
. it challenges my views by insulting me, yet We always end up succumbing to its undeniable might,
When some ppl “debunk” a claim of yours by a logic they themselves found, they express it in such pompous ways ,they reply to your claim in that selfimportant tone,
it reminds me of ayo who just solved a difficult math exercise amp want to flex about it to the whole class
Nietzsche impersonates this so much but in Nietzsches case, he is most of the time expressing something thoughtprovoking
But the thing with Nietzsche is that he shamelessly impersonates, embraces this, but he also willingly exaggerates it.
Which emohasized the aim of his content , which is to challenges our satisfaction with life at every level and give us a wake up call.
.
Update of the review:
Why astar
Because Nietzsche idealogies are severely harmful to humanity,
Nietzsche suggests that by looking at history, everything beautiful and sublime today sprung from an ugly growth/process of creation
And then he continues by saying that, if the aim of a nation is to évolve towards greatness, they must take similar path.
And i believe this is a terrible message these destructive forces are harmful for humanity, Fortifying a state by using violence and oppression is against my conscience,
And which greatness does Such a state aim to achieve To force your views upon every citizend
Nations that have been driven by force to accept the faith of their conquerors have always remained antagonistic to it
Opression by force is Empty on a spiritual Level.
Oppression above the rest wont make people happy spiritually,
Why not proposing for a thorough deconstruction of the entire social system which is so obviously using means that we feel in our conscience to be so unlike our ethics.
I would suggest Nietzsche to read the Kingdom of God is Within You by Tolstoy,
On the Orgins of Morality by Nietzsche:/, .