Achieve An Assessment Of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science Produced By National Academies Of Sciences, Engineering, And Medicine Listed As Paper Copy

of protons and neutrons, or nucleonsthe building blocks of atomic nucleihas advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century, A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics QCD, and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics.
With deeper understanding of the quarkgluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective manybody systems with new emergent behavior.


The development of a U, S. domestic electronion collider EIC facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today, This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general.
It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of

an EIC, its benefits to U, S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U, S. based EIC. .