E. Bates The Other Movement highlights the fight for recognition of southern Native American groups, Focusing on Louisiana and Alabama, the author illustrates the ways that the MOWA Band of Choctaw, the Coushatta, the Tunica Biloxi and Star Clan of Muscogee Creeks to name a few fought to make themselves visible to the state and federals governments and strengthen their continued existence from thes onward.
Bates accomplishes her goal by addressing the regional history and focusing on two underlooked aspects of this history: the statetribal relationship and the federal recognition process, As this book shows, state relationships did in fact help not only gain a pathway to official federal recognition, but also a way to implement economic, cultural and social programs that would benefit to restore Native communities.
The fight for civil rights isnt always easy, Perhaps the most upsetting aspect of the fight from The Other Movement is that it was clearly deemed necessary to have “another movement, ” Although the amendments from thes/s Civil Rights Movement applied to all Americans, it is disheartening to read how, indeed, Native Americans were excluded from the narrative, In an era that brought about the Chicano Movement, LGBTAQ Liberation and the Second Wave of Feminism, Native Americans were still ignored,
One disturbing consequence of white supremacy, bias and racism is the tension it puts between different minority groups, For example inwhen the Native American minority bill passed in Louisiana, what should have been seen as a triumph from all was met with opposition, Richard Turnley, a Black senator, called out Louisiana Office of Indian Affairs Diana Williamson who is mixed with Chitimacha and white, “You have the best of both worlds Youre white and a minority”.
Turnley was mildly irritated because minoritybased grants were already competitive and extra competition wasnt going to make things easier, However, he failed to see past the “onedrop” of white heritage Williamson had no control over, It is beyond unfair to Native Americans who are fully connected to their culture no matter what the “blood” says and it is unfortunate that some African Americans have fallen for the trap set by white supremacy.
While the frustration is understandable, minorities are not each other's enemies and other questions need to be raised: Why do they need to fight for said money Who sets the criteria on who qualifies for said money Why is it a competition How much money does the government truly have stacked away How transparent is the government or agency that is distributing this money These are the questions that deserve immediate answers.
There is one thing the author could have done to make this book perfectly sound and that is if she included some interviews from surviving members who participated in this movement.
Contribution from any of the Tribal members she mentioned would have undoubtedly contributed to a deeper, personal understanding of impacts that go undetected and that are not mentioned in the book.
Were the members family supportive of their involvement or were they embarrassed Did Native neighbors retaliate by leaving nasty messages on their property or by shunning them in public Did they have support from all of their friends or were there some who felt differently As historians from underrepresented minorities know, answers to questions like these give the readers the “history from below” current, dominant scholarship definitely needs.
Nonetheless, Bates monograph is an excellent and wellneeded addition to scholarship of southeastern Native American history, The Other Movement: Indian Rights and Civil Rights in the Deep South examines the most visible outcome of the Southern Indian Rights Movement: state Indian affairs commissions, In recalling political activism in the postWorld War II South, rarely does one consider the political activities of American Indians as they responded to desegregation, the passing of the Civil Rights Acts, and the restructuring of the American political party system.
Native leaders and activists across the South created a social and political movement all their own, which drew public attention to the problems of discrimination, poverty, unemployment, low educational attainment, and poor living conditions in tribal communities.
While tribalstate relationships have historically been characterized as tense, most southern tribesparticularly nonfederally recognized onesfound that Indian affairs commissions offered them a unique position in which to negotiate power.
Although individual tribal leaders experienced isolated victories and generated some support through thes ands, the creation of the intertribal state commissions in thes ands elevated the movement to a more prominent political level.
Through the formalization of tribalstate relationships, Indian communities forged strong networks with local, state, and national agencies while advocating for cultural preservation and revitalization, economic development, and the implementation of community services.
This book looks specifically at Alabama and Louisiana, places of intensive political activity during the civil rights era and increasing Indian visibility and tribal reorganization in the decades that followed.
Betweenand, U. S. census records show that Alabamas Indian population swelled by a factor of twelve and Louisianas by a factor of five, Thus, in addition to serving as excellent examples of the national trend of a rising Indian population, the two states make interesting case studies because their Indian commissions brought formerly disconnected groups, each with different goals and needs, together for the first time, creating an assortment of alliances and divisions.
Great information but hard to get through, Denise E. Bates is a historian and assistant professor at Arizona State University, She is the author or editor of several books, including Basket Diplomacy: Leadership, Alliance Building, and Resilience among the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana,We Will Always Be Here:
Native Peoples on Living and Thriving in the South and The Other Movement: Indian Rights and Civil Rights in the Deep South.
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Denise E. Bates