Seize Your Copy The Search For Modern China Imagined By Jonathan D. Spence Formatted As Copy

highly recommended. Wonderfully comprehensive and thorough. Timeline

Manchu Jurchens take northern China “Jin dynasty”
Ming Dynasty established
Portugese establish presence in Macao.

Nurhaci born
Pirate attacks stopped in southern coast, Spain enters Manila
toEmperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty
s Nurhacu leads tribesmen in Liaodong, eunuchs ascendent, Japan invades Korea
Silk weavers strike in Suzhou, porcelin workers strike in Jiangxi
Dongli Society founded, opposed corrupt eunuchs.
Infamous eunuch Wei Zhongxian
Nurhaci declares himself Khan of Jin Dynasty
Emperor Wanli dies, grandson Chongzhen enthroned
Chinese rebellions against Jin rule
Nurhaci takes Shenyang
Nurhaci dies, son Hong Taiji enthroned
Nurhaci takes Inner Mongolia
Ming generals defect to Hong Taiji
Rebel Li Zicheng “The Dashing King” leads conclave of rebel leaders
Rebel Li Zicheng takes Korea
Epidemics across China, Manchu takes Jinzhou after ten year siege
Hong Taiji dies, regent Dorgon ascends as leader of Manchus
Qing Dynasty.
Rebel Li Zicheng takes Peking, General Wu Sangui joins the Manchus,
German Jesuit astronomer/missionary Schall von Bell arrives
Manchus drive Li Zicheng to Jiangxi, installs boy Emperor Shunzi
Rebel Li Zicheng dies, Rebel Zhang Xianzhong takes Chongqing and Chengdu
Pirate/merchant Zheng Chenggong a.
k. a. Koxinga sides with Ming
Rebel Zhang Xianzhong killed by Manchus
Prince of Gui declares Ming restoration
Qing suppresses restorationists.
Prince of Gui flees to Guangdong, then Burma
Pirate Koxinga fails to take Nanjing
Qing attacks Burma, capture and execute Ming nobles, eunuchs ousted, boy Emperor Kangxi enthroned at age, Oboi of the Four Regents appointed by Shunzi to oversee affairs, land displacement, Shunzi dies of smallpox
Oboi arrested and deposed for overreach
s Galdan of the Zunghar people take Kashgar, Hami Turfan.
Dalai Lama was his spiritual leader
Three Feudatories rebel: Wu Sangui for Yunnan/Guizhou/Hunan and Sichuan, Shang Kexi for Guangdong and Guangxi, Geng Jimao for Fujian.
Shang KeXi falls ill, passes authority to son Shang Zhixin, Geng Jimao dies, passes authority to son Geng Jingzhong, Wu Sangui declares his own Zhou dynasty
Wu Sangui attacks Hunan, Geng Jinzhong attacks Zhejiang. Shang Zhixin attacks Jiangxi.
Wu Sangui dies.
Emperor Kangxi defeats the Three Feudatories
Emperor Kangxi sends Admiral Shi Lang to attack and defeat the Koxinga/Zhong family
Notable scholars Wang Fuzhi under Prince Gui wrote of morality.

Huang Zongxi of the Donglin Society wrote of statecraft,
Gu Yanwu under Prince Fu wrote essays on Confucianism,
Kong Shangren wrote “The Peach Blossom fan”
Treaty at Nerchinsk establishes borders with Russia and extradition procedures.

Emperor Kangxi defeats Zunghar leader Galdan at Jao Modo,
Emperor Kangxis edict of

toleration for Christianity, Jesuits, Franciscans and Dominicans arrive,
Emperor Kangxis son Yinreng arrested for regicide conspiracy, Tax reform based on headcount,
Kangxi army takes Lhasa, installs puppet Dalai Lama, Cohong trade guild formed in Canton,
Qing army returning from Taiwan bring back opium,
Emperor Kangxi dies.
Emperor Yongzheng enthroned, is considered usurper, textile worker strike, sends General Oertai against Miao peoples,
General Oertai suppresses Guangxi tribesmen, Scholar Chen Menglei publishes encyclopedia,
Emperor Yongzheng sends General Yue Zhongqi against Zunghars at Urumqi, fails,
toEmperor Qianlong enthroned at age, No controversy over succession, establishes local militia called the Green Standard,
Lifen Yuan Office of Border Affairs established to manage Northwestern issues,
Examination system fails to slow corruption,
Emperor Qianlong send Manchu bannerman Zhaohui to take Kashgar and Yarkand, Attempt to subjugate begs Muslim tribal leaders, Emperor patronizes Jesuit painter Giuseppe Castiglione, Scholars of the Kaozheng search of evidence school reinterpret Confucian tradition with textual criticism and empiricism, “Dream of the Red Chamber”
Rebel Wang Lun in Shandong province sides with Grand Canal barge pullers,
Heaven and Earth society in Taiwan revolts, Muslim revolt in Gansu province,
Vietnamese Le Dynasty flees to Guanxi, Emperor Qianlong attacks Nguyen usurpers and restores Le but is counterattacked on New Years Day, Heaven and Earth rebels in Taiwan defeated,
Gurkhas from Nepal attack Tiber but are driven back, Corruption endemic. Emperor Qianlong rumored homosexual relationship with deputy general Heshen,
King George III and British East India Company sends China Lord George MacCarthy to Peking,
London Missionary Society
toEmperor Qianlongs son, Jiaqing enthroned,
White Lotus Society rebellion in Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Henan, Emperor Qianlong abdicates.
Lin Qing cult attempts assassination in Peking,
Emperor Daoguang
Rise of “Heaven and Earth” societies, progenitors of Triads,
Emperor Daoguang bans opium, appoints viceroy Lin Zexu to enforce drug laws
Lin Zexu orders cessation of foreign trade.
st Opium War
British fleet under Admiral George Eliot arrives
January agreement reached with Eliot but Britain believed he exceeded authority.
August: Henry Pottinger arrives, seizes Xiamen Amoy, Ningbao, Zhousan, Emperor Daoguang allows formation of Canton militias,
British forces capture Shanghai, Zhenjiang and Nanjing, Treaty of Nanjing signed. Pottinger as first governor of Hong Kong,
Treaty of Wanghia attracts US business, Rebel Hong Xinquan attracts Hakka, Zhuang and Yao peoples,
Emperor Daoguang dies, Emperor XianFeng enthroned to, Fails to suppress rebel Hong Xinquan at Thistle Mountain, Guangxi,
Taiping rebellion to. AntiManchu movements emerge. Major flooding, Kaifeng dikes break, displaces Nian peoples,
Taiping rebels take Yuezho, Hankou, Nian rebels form under Anhui warlord ZhangLuoxing,
Taiping rebels take Wuchang, Anqing and Nanking, major lieutenants emerge: Yang Xiuqing and Shi Dakai, Hunanese general Zeng Guofan leads Xiang Army against Taiping,
Hui peoples initiate jihad against Manchus,
Indian mutiny,nd Opium War, British seizes Canton
British and French forces at Battle of Canton
Treaty of Tianjin partiallynd Opium War with extraterritoriality, indemnity and opening more ports.

Taiping rebels pick Hong Rengan as “prime minister” Tries to modernize territory under its control, British attack Dagu/Taku forts,
Lord Elgins forces enter Peiking, burns Summer Palace Yuan Ming Yuan, Mongol general Senggelinqin sent to suppress Nian rebels, encounters guerrilla tactics, kills Nian warlord ZhangLuoxing,
Palace coup, Xianfeng dies, Emperor Tongzhi enthroned at age, China ruled by mother Cixi and uncle Prince Gong,
Chinese vs. Muslims in Tonzhou and Xian Shaanxi Prov
Muslims take Kunming, LayOsborn Flotilla arrives to try and secure Taiping situation, dispute over chain of command, sent home
Qing troops attack Nanjing and defeat Taiping rebels.

General Zeng Guofengs protege General Li Hongzhang acquires modern weapons,
Famine. AntiTaiping leader Zuo Zongtang begins nationbuilding and replanting projects in reconquered areas,
General Li Hongzhang defeats Nian, becomes powerful official, SS Tianqi steamship launched.
Suez canal opens, trade disputes
General Zuo Zongtang defeat Muslim rebel Ma HuaLong in Jianbao,
Dali retaken from Muslim rebel Du Wenxi/Sultan Suleiman “Kingdom of Pacificed South a, k. a. Pingnan Guo variant of Taiping, Suzhou retaken.
Peking college opens
Tianjin massacremissionaries and traders killed,
Los Angeles antiChinese riot, Korean treaty with West.
General Zeng Guofeng dies,
Emperor Tongzhi dies.
Wenxiong, another great statesman, dies, Return of Qing conservatives.boys sent to Hartford Connecticut, Empress Cixi appointsyear old nephew Guangxu as Emperor,
YanFu studies naval design, international law and Social Darwinism in England, translates Western works into Chinese,
Japan annexes Ryuku Islands,
President Chester A. Arthur signs Chinese Exclusion Act,
French attacks Chinese forces at Annam Vietnam
Rock Springs, Wyoming antiChinese riot,
Japan seizes Korean royal family
Japan seizes Weihaiwei, sinks Qing fleet, Treaty of Shimonseki with Li Hongzhong, Sun Yat Sens Revive China Society arrested after coup conspiracy with Marxists and anarchists, Jinshi organized by Kang Youwei and nationalist leader Liang Qichao advocate for constitutional monachy, Scholar TiYong attempts to synthesize Confucian principles with Western technology,
Reform movement emerges, “Days Reforms” modernizes exam system, Zhang Zhidong provincial reformer taps foreign loans to develop coal, iron and steel complexes in Hubei,
Boxer Rebellion. Boxer protocol
New Army established, banner garrisons phased out,
ZouRong studies in Japan and writes “The Revolutionary Army” at age,
Japan defeats Russia at Lushan, New Army up to strength, OctoberHankou bombing, revolutionaries revealed, military mutinies across China, Sun Yat Sen stays with Hawaii Triad Society, Revolutionary Alliance takes Nanjing.
LuXun pen name from Zhejiang copper worker strike joins Sun Yat Sens Revolutionary Alliance Tongmeng Hui, Reformer Kang Youwei advocates for preserving Emperor Guangxu under constitutional monarchy, Empress Cixi sends constitutional study group to the West,
Qui Jin, female writer dressed as man is arrested as radical teacher and plotting coup against the Qing.

Mint worker strike. Manchus attempt to reign in New Army, Provincial governors executed.
Street vendors strike. Empress Cixi and Guangxu dies, Emperor Puyi enthroned.
Scholars of Jian Kanghu school attendnd International,
Leader of Beiyang Army, Yuan Shikai is reassigned to prevent coup,
Mass railway policy demonstration, British opium undercut by local productions, Protests strongest in treaty ports and concession areas,
Emperor PuYi abdicates, National Assembly convened, Sun Yat Sen abdicates,
KuoMingTang wins election, KMT leader Song Jiaoren assassinated by Yuan ShiKai, who forces new election for Parliament, KMT is dismissed.
In May, Yuan ShiKai sends General ZhongXun to attack proKMT military governors, President Wilson withdraws fro Boxer indemnity loan consortium, remits money to scholarship fund for Chinese students,
Parliament dissolved, provincial assemblies and local governments dissolves, Industrialist Charlie Soongs daughter marries Sun Yat Sen, Soongs other daughter marries industrialist HH Kong,
Japan issuesDemands.
Yuan ShiKai proclaims himself Emperor, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi declare indepedence, Yuan ShiKai dies, is succeeded by Vice President Li Yuanhong who recalls Parliament,
ProQing leader General Zhang Xun enter Peiking in coup to restore PuYi in midJune, Premier Duan QuRui uses Japanese loans, Japan gains German concession in secret treaty,
China refuses to sign Versailles Treaty,
Li Dazhaos study group called the MayMovement adopts Marxism, Drought and famine in Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi, Tianmen Square Movement is formed by scholarly elite and protests the Versailles Treaty, Pragmatists vs. ideologues.students including Zhou EnLai and Deng XiaoPeng go to Paris commune workstudy program,
Lenin sends Comintern Grigori Voitinski and Yang MingZhai to China, forming student groups and youth leagues,
st Plenary meeting of the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai, Chen Duxiu elected Secretary General,
CCP votes for temporary alliance with KMT, Mass migration to industrial cities, increasing labor strikes, Warlords emerge. Warlord Chen Jiongming ousted.
Soviet Union backs national reunification for China as buffer against Japan, Sun Yat Set escapes to Canton, forms military government, Comintern Borodin is sent as advisor to KMT, recommends Sun Yet Sen radicalize and rally population against warlord Chen JiongMing.
“Now Russia is free from foreign domination thanks to Sovietization, ” Whampoa Military Academy established.
Coup in Peiking. Wu PeiFu ousted. Zhang ZuoLin ascendent.
Sun Yat Sen dies, Chiang KaiShek, Whampoa officers and National Revolutionary Army rout warlords, MayBritish fire in demonstrators in Shanghai, General strike is called.
Northern Expedition against General Wu PeiFu, KMT takes Wuhan, Nanjing and Hanzhou, Manchu warlord Zhang Zuolin suppresses dissent in Shanghai and allies with former enemy Wu PeiFu to counterbalance the Soviets.


Will complete timeline when I finish the book,


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