Τύραννος Oedipus Tyrannus Oedipus Oedipus Rex Oedipus the King The Theban Plays, Sophocles
Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophoclesو that was first performed aroundBC.
Oedipus sent his brotherinlaw Creon to ask advice of the oracle at Delphi concerning a plague ravaging Thebes,
Creon returns to report that the plague is the result of religious pollution, since the murderer of their former King, Laius, had never been caught.
Oedipus vows to find the murderer and curses him for causing the plague,
عنوانهای چاپ شده در ایران: ادیپ شهریار ادیبوس شاه ادیبوس شهریار تاریخ نخستین خوانش روز بیست و ششم ماه آگوست سالمیلادی و بار دیگر سالمیلادی
عنوان: ادیپ شهریار نویسنده: سوفوکلس مترجم: شاهرخ مسکوب درص چاپ دوم با عنوان: ادیب در کلنوس درص موضوع: نمایشنامه های نویسندگان یونان سده پنجم پیش از میلاد
عنوان: ادیپ شهریار نویسنده: سوفوکل مترجم: فاطمه عربی استهبان سالدرص شابک
عنوان: ادیبوس شاه مترجم: ساسان قاسمی تهران جعفری سالدرص شابک
عنوان: ادیبوس شهیار مترجم: تهران پژواک کیوان سالدرص شابک
قسمتی از نمایشنامه
, همسرایان: میخواهیم حقیقت هیاهویی را که تا به امروز بر سر زبانهاست بدانیم
. . ادیپوس: وای بر من
. همسرایان: آرام باش تمنا میکنم
. . ادیپوس: بسیار ناهنجار است. باری میگویم. من نارواترین بیداد را بر خود هموار کردم. من ستمی ناسزاوار بر خود هموار کردم. خدا میداند که اختیاری در کار نبود
. همسرایان: در چه کاری
. . ادیپوس: در ازدواجی ننگین به خاطر شرم نادانسته به زناشویی رسوایی دست زدم
. همسرایان: میگویند مادرت در این پیوند ننگین همسر تو بود
. . ادیپوس: بیاد آوردن آن در حکم مرگ من است. تازه این دو نیزآنتیگنه و ایسمنه از آن منند
. همسرایان: نه
. . ادیپوس: فرزندان نفرین شده
. همسرایان: آه خدایا
. . ادیپوس: و میوههای بطن همان مادر
. همسرایان: دختران تو و
. . ادیپوس: خواهرانم! آه خواهران پدر خود
. همسرایان: آیا پدرت را
. . ادیپوس: باز هم رنجی دیگر و شکنجهای تازه
. همسرایان: تو او را کشتی
. . ادیپوس: آری اما به حق
. همسرایان: به حق
. . ادیپوس: آری ناشناخته در راه کسی را کشتم که میخواست مرا بکشد
داستان نمایشنامه
تقدیر چنین مقرر کرده که
ادیپ شهریار پدر خود را بکشد و با مادر خویش همبستر شود فرمانیست ظالمانه و دوزخی این حکم را پدر و مادر ادیب دریافته اند و برای گریختن از آن ادیپ کودک را به چوپانی میسپارند تا جانش را بگیرد اما اگر ریختن خون طفلی بر پدر و مادر او دشوار آید بر چوپان ساده دلی نیز آسان نیست چوپان لبخند معصومانه ی کودک را میبیند و او را به چوپانی دیگر از دیار کرنت میسپارد شبان دوم او را نزد شاه کشور خویش میبرد و کودک در دربار آن شاه بزرگ میشود ادیب در دوران جوانی به وسیله ی هاتفان از سرنوشت خود آگاه میشود و چون پدرخوانده و مادرخوانده اش را پدر و مادر حقیقی خود میپندارد برای گریز از سرنوشت از آن دیار میگریزد در راه به گردونه ی پیرمردی میرسد پس از گفتگویی کوتاه پیرمرد را که پدر واقعی او بوده میکشد و به سوی شهر تب میتازد بر دروازه ی آن شهر از دیرگاه ابوالهولی بوده که از مردمان معمائی میپرسیده و چون آنان در پاسخ درمیماندند طعمه ی مرگ میشدند ادیب معمای ابوالهول نماینده تقدیر را پاسخ درست میگوید و ابوالهول بر خاک میافتد ساکنان شهر تب به پاس این گرهگشائی شهریاری دیار خود را به ادیپ میبخشند و دست ملکه ی شهر مادرادیپ را در دست او میگذارند پس از سالها فرمانروائی مرگ و طاعون بر آن شهر فرود میآید و چون ادیب خود سبب آن فاجعه را از معبد کاهنان آپولو میپرسد پاسخ میشنود که گناهکار باید از میانه برخیزد گناهکاری که پدر خود را کشته و با مادرش همبستر شده است ادیپ در جستجوی گناهکار پلید پس از ماجراهایی سرانجام به خود میرسد و چشمهای جهان بین خویش را برمیکند
تاریخ بهنگام رسانی هجری خورشیدی هجری خورشیدی ا, شربیانی I liked "Oedipus the King" but not as much as other tragedies for example, "Antigone" by the same author,
The piece has very well made the characters are consistent from start to finish the main character, Oedipus, is very successful, and his journey is fascinating.
Moreover, it has an exciting evolution of the play some stunning pieces are still of excellent quality, "Oedipus King" has the merit of not being boring, Without finding the work transcendent and brilliant, one can, it seems to me, at least have a pleasant time reading it,
However, we must admit that I was not transcended by "Oedipus King" I only loved her and nothing more, Indeed, if "Oedipus the King" is an exciting piece in many respects, the fact prevents us from fully appreciating it, Indeed, a large part of the play had based on the name of the murderer of Laios, However, I think that there are very few people today who are unaware of this revelation, So when it occurs, it cannot have the same effect on us as it does on the characters, In my opinion, this prevents us from empathizing with the characters, understanding them, and feeling the shock of this revelationhigh point of the play,
I find "Oedipus the King" exciting but, in certain respects, a victim of its success, This success prevents, in my opinion, the work from having all the interest that the play could claim to have, What can I say about sitelinkSophocles sitelinkOedipus Rex that has not already been said Apart from the patricide and the infamous incest, this is an ancient tale of angst and overall calamity.
But since I recently revisited it, this legendary tragedy hasnt left my mind,
"Look and learn all citizens of Thebes, This is Oedipus.
He, who read the famous riddle, and we hailed chief of men,
All envied his power, glory, and good fortune,
Now upon his head the sea of disaster crashes down, ”
I felt after reading the play that there was not really anything that Oedipus could have done to get himself out of his destiny.
In fact, it seems that the more he attempts to get out of it, the deeper he is immersed in its inevitability, It is simply that there was no way for him to avoid doing it all and facing his fate, After hearing of the prophecy he flees because he doesn't want it to come true, but there is a lot that he does not know and a lot that he is not being told.
His parents, when told by the oracles decided to sacrifice him, But he was saved by the compassionate nature of humanity, Later on, his step parents also leave him in ignorance, and in hiding the truth they are also making the prophecy come true,
The theme as I see it, therefore, is of fate versus freewill, However, there really does not seem to be any freewill here, Every decision that Oedipus makes only brings the revelation closer to being fulfilled,
But to fully understand Sophocles work, you have to know that for the ancient Greeks the word "tragedy" didn't mean “a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair calamity disaster.
” For them the idea of such a play, that had a certain and defined theme and structure, is about a person that because of a single tragic flaw becomes the victim of the gods.
The specific purpose was called "catharsis", the audience watching the play should gain an emotional release that made your own trivial issues fade into insignificance.
According to Aristotles Poetics “the complexity of the plot is established through reversal, recognition and suffering, ” The tragedy is created, in part, by the complexity of its plot which leads towards the catharsis, The Chorus is crucial its speeches are revealing, It is the cautious voice of collective wisdom, And from the very beginning of the play, the Chorus revealed the omen of disaster, This can all be summed up in the following lines:
"O god
All come true, all busting to light!
O light now let me look my last on you!
I stand revealed at last”
Oedipus is a passionate man, who asks questions and takes risks.
Despite his flaws and his sins, Oedipus is good and always seeks the truth no matter how devastating, In the end, he accepts the responsibility for his actions, his fate and punishment, Does he have free will or the ability to choose his own path or is everything in his life been predetermined Indeed, despite the prophecy, it can never be denied that Oedipus and his parents had made the choices, not the oracle or the Gods.
Is the very idea of carving out your eyes, after discovering your wife is your mother in this incredibly packed tragedy that alleviates so much the enormous pain that seems so causeless Is the existential angst finally satisfies by the human need to identify the guilty that alleviates our human sensation of utter, senseless and chaotic misery
This is what torments us, being humans: we have free will but we can never control everything.
Oedipuss specific life events arent exactly relatable to any of us, but the sensations are not less pertinent, Arent we used to impending unconquerable doom I ask myself, could ignorance lead us through hell Oedipus Rex doesnt make us only question the role of the gods or whatever may decide our fate nowadays: politicians, the economy, the news, and even our own expectations!, but above all the argument of fate and destiny, and whether we are able to live without external powers deciding our chances.
It also makes us question who we are whether our personalities, or other personal characteristics, are a kind of destiny in itself,
Where's our human freedom More important: do you feel a prevailing sense of inevitability, no matter what you do! Why are we always being judged, by ourselves and by the world If we try to transpose the play to today, many questions are still left with no definite answers.
For certain, we can choose what we want to become, The curse is that our capacities are finite we are not gods, What happened to Oedipus was the torture of being human, can we escape this curse
Oedipus Rex is a literary masterpiece! Highly recommended!
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