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of the very first claims made by the authors is that this edition theth was “carefully reviewed and updated to present current thinking, research, and trends in practice” Corey, Corey, and Corey,.
However, much like the webpage for the Commission for Rehabilitation Counselor Certification CRCC, Corey et alcontinue to showcase outdated and inaccessible models of ethical decision making.
While Corey et aldo not embrace a particular ethical decisionmaking model, they do express what may be included in that model, This can be interpreted to mean that the counselor is left to pick and choose a model, as long as it is a model of ethical decisionmaking.

While the CRCC website does list a variety of different decisionmaking models and interestingly enough, they are the same ones recommended by Corey et al, both could probably benefit from updating these models using the latest research and evidencebased practices in the field.
From the rehabilitation counseling perspective, there are many ethical decisionmaking models available, While some of the models are better than others, namely, evidence and researchbased, by leaving the code so vaguely written, it places the obligation on the counselor to ensure the model they pick works well for the dilemma they are encountering.

For example, in researching and reviewing the components of ethical decisionmaking models, Ling and Hauckfound that the contemporary models of ethical decisionmaking which include those suggested by the Corey et aland the CRCC website i.
e. , Tarvydas,Cottone,Garcia, Cartwright, amp Borchukowska,Herlihy amp Watson,Corey, Corey, Corey amp Callahan,weredesigned for use within in a limited context of ethical cases and,created before the advent of the most recent Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors CPREC.
Further, research conducted by Barnett, Behnke, Rosenthal, and Koochersuggests that contemporary ethical decisionmaking models were not theoretically grounded, nor did they lead to any significant improvement in the ethical decisionmaking process.
Moreover, Corey et alstill lists the outdatedCPREC as the reference for ethics in the rehabilitation counseling profession,
Notwithstanding this introductory critique of the obvious defects within the intent of the text, I will proceed with this review by offering some reflective selfdisclosure.
I love moral philosophy. The culmination of my undergraduate degree in philosophy was based on a defense of Rawlsprinciples of justice, Therefore, the introductory chapters in Corey et alwere akin to snuggling up to a warm fire on a cold winter night,
I share with Corey et al,a passion for the study of ethics in that it requires the use of critical thinking skills and strengthens the individuals ability to make judgments within a preferred decisionmaking process.

Next, the readings in chapteron the intersection of personal values and the helping
relationship brought up some interesting reflections on areas of value judgments that I have been
working through.
I am a firm adherent to the existential worldview in which the understanding is
that everyone is a unique beinginthemselves.
Moreover, the values, behaviors, and feelings that people express, are not viewed as a dichotomous choice between normal or abnormal rather, the perspective is one in which there is no such thing as normality in an inherent sense.
Normality is a social construct Iacovou amp WeixelDixon,,
Although a full review of this text includes many reflections on chaptersthrough, due to the limited amount of space, I will now go to the subject matter in chaptersthrough, and provide a concluding statement.

In the final chapters, I appreciated the assessment and diagnosis table that covered the theoretical perspectives, Although I was already familiar with the Existential viewpoint on assessments, it was presented in a very clear way that would transfer over easily to a professional disclosure statement on assessments.

Perhaps the most disturbing reflection about this chapter, for me, was the section about diagnosis within an insurance context, It is almost ridiculous that this chapter states, “Although it may be tempting for a clinician to present an acceptable but inaccurate diagnosis, this is both unethical and fraudulent" Corey et al.
,, p I would love to see the ethical decisionmaking model on that one, Honestly, I cant count the number of times clinicians have unabashedly done this and are open about it, If you think critically enough, you will recognize the problems inherent in this entire section, A clinician states that they have to make a diagnosis at the first

appointmentminutes, The clinician defends this action with claims of procedure and policy, It is then justified with further claims of possible adjustments to the diagnosis later, Further, look at the last paragraph in this section,

With some managed care mental health companies, a therapist may call a company with a diagnosis.
A technician emphasis added may then look up the “appropriate” treatment strategies to deal with the identified problem if indeed, the diagnosis meets the criteria for reimbursement.
This raises significant ethical issues as important treatment decisions may be made by a nonprofessional who has never seen the client and who lacks a depth of understanding of mental health issues emphasis added Corey et al.
,, p

You think! I dont know, maybe Rogersaversion to diagnoses was important!
While the entire section on evidencebased therapy practice was insightful, the two main points that resonated with me were“There is evidence that clients make the single strongest contribution to outcomes” Bohart amp Wade,, p.
as cited in Corey et al,, p.and,“The relationship emphasis added between therapist and client is the best predictor of treatment outcome” Corey et al,, p
I am intrigued by the systems theory concept so, chapteralthough heavily focused on ethics issues was one I was looking forward to reading.
From an ethical perspective, the important points that stuck out to me werein the informed consent process, it was important to clearly outline the role that secrets will play in the clientcounselor relationship.
Further, from the multiperson treatment perspective, I found it important to answer the question “What are my ethical responsibilities to each of the parties in this case” Corey et al.
,, p
An important statement pertinent to any counseling discipline was “If we are unaware of our own vulnerabilities, we might misinterpret our clients comments or steer them in a direction that will not arouse our own anxiety” Corey et al.
,, p I find that statement to be very insightful and helpful, One other important statement of agreement between systems theory and the Coreys theoretical leanings I bring this up because G, Corey focuses heavily on existential themes in his counseling style was “We agree with the systems perspective that a problem child often reflects problems within the family system” Corey et al.
,, p I agree with the Coreys on their agreement,
Further, I concur with Corey et al,that groupwork “raises unique ethical concerns” p,. Particularly in the realm of confidentially, This is due to the realization that confidentiality cannot be so easily protected in the group environment and it requires a thorough explanation of this phenomena to each group participant.
Additionally, I was intrigued by the explication of Yalomssuggestions for screening people who may be poor candidates for group therapy along with the suggestions of the types of problems that may be better suited to the group encounter Corey et al.
,.
Ultimately, along with the particular presentation on the importance of confidentiality, I found the discussion on the distinctions between evidencebased practices EBPs, practicebased evidence PBE, and feedbackinformed treatment FIT, to help me in the formulation of what I perceived to be important from a theoretical vista in the conduct of group therapy viz.
, that as a practitioner of the existential approach that FIT and PBE may be more suited to predicting outcomes than EBPs,
At the risk of being overly cynical, my reflection on chapterdeal primarily with Corey et al,assertion that “Many homeless Veterans of war struggle to function in society due to immobilizing PTSD symptoms, substance abuse use, and low social support” p.
. If one of the intents of this chapter which I understand it to be was to empower the counselor to “Strive for social change by challenging colleagues who have made erroneous assumptions regarding marginalized client populations,” then I think it is time to call out the authors.

I am going to reflect on a little secret that is so obvious it pains me to even have to mention it.
First, many Veterans of wars, do not struggle to function in society, To generalize by using the term many is to further marginalize this population, Additionally, what exactly is the definition of society If you just take the dictionary definition of society, then guess what the military is You guessed it, a society.
How can the claim be made that “Veterans or struggle to function in society,” when that is exactly what they did in their society viz.
, function.
Secondly, I would be extremely careful about establishing causal or even correlative fact about homeless Veterans, While a bias may very well be that they struggle with mental health conditions, there is no causative nor correlating evidence to suggest that it was due to their military service or war experiences.
This myth needs to stop being perpetuated, It is a wellknown assertion that some people are more susceptible to certain mental health conditions than others, While we know this information, it is not used as a screening condition for those going into the military, Further, it is known that there are some common characteristics amongst those who do choose to enter the military, I am sure if you do some research on this sorry, it is outside of the scope of my point to present this information you will find some possible overlap between preexisting conditions that may make those who choose to serve more susceptible to the presentation of certain mental disturbances.

Consequently, if I wanted to reflect on what I learned most from this chapter it is that the stigma of assigning labels to Veterans is alive and well in the counseling profession.
Instead of focusing on the individual or societal factors that may contribute to or enhance the probability of a mental illness, Corey et al.
has opted to take the path of least resistance in this particular aspect of the community and social justice perspectives, and instead, opted to present the mythos of the homeless Veteran as one involving their inability to adapt to the authors perception of society.

Notwithstanding the above critical interpretation of the authors choices, I do think that the subject matter covered was important, Perhaps the most significant thing I took away positively was that as counselors

We are expected to translate our awareness of inequities and societal conditions into various forms of social action.
Part of our ethical and moral obligation is to advocate with the aim of creating a just society in which all people have equal opportunity and resources to strive toward their personal goals Corey et al.
,, p

In conclusion, the entirety of this text was troubling, As mentioned before, I have a background in moral philosophy both academically and professionally as such, I sensed a certain pathos of distance between myself and the writers expressions and understanding of ethics.
At times, I would feel poorly about myself because my thinking would be something like this, “what are we even discussing here Has anybody even researched Ethics” Or, I would start to feel like I had some incredible knowledge to share, but that due to the perceived simplicity of the text particularly within the field of moral philosophy comments like this would race through my mind: “What am I reading Grade school Ethics This is philosophystuff.
Why are we even discussing it” I did not like those feelings, nor did I particularly like my thinking that way, To counter these thoughts and feelings I attempted on many occasions ask myself questions that would attempt to understand the worldview of other readers and stimulate their thinking.
However, I also thought it was at least a way to allow others a space to explore and grapple with ethical issues,
Ultimately, if anything, through this experience, and my reading of ethical application particular to the counseling profession, I have learned the importance of patience and attempting to view ideas through the lens of others.
To be sure, this has been a valuable exercise for me which I am sure will pay dividends in my interactions with others.
For that I am grateful,
There are two other key themes that I wanted to reflect on inre ethics, First, this text has forced me to look at the issue of education from a philosophical perspective, During my reading of this book, I spent some time talking with various philosophy professors about the
upcoming Next Gen model that will be replacing the Liberal Arts Core.
These conversations deal primarily with how to keep philosophy particularly, critical thinking, logic, and ethics an
integral part of the model and, how to better advocate for philosophy as a necessary part of the academic curriculum.
My experience, through reading this text, has provided me with a better
understanding of why this is important and hopefully will enhance my social advocacy skills at
using philosophical based thinking as an appropriate mode of interacting with future clients, coworkers, and the community I will practice in.

Lastly, the second point, and one I feel strongly reflects my experience of reading this text, is that it forced me to reexamine some of my earlier groundwork in ethics.
In particular, I was drawn to the idea of tragedy and how it is similar to the idea of an ethical dilemma, While researching this, I ended up pulling out my wellworn copy of Hegels Phenomenology of Spirit and which led me further to this quote that sums up, for me, how people, in modernity, really make ethical decisions, as opposed to how ethics were viewed at other times throughout history.

The heroes of ancient classical tragedy encounter situations in which, if they firmly decide in favor of the one ethical pathos that alone suits their finished character, they must necessarily come into conflict with the equally gleichberechtigt justified ethical power that confronts them.
Modern characters, on the other hand, stand in a wealth of more accidental circumstances, within which one could act this way or that, so that the conflict is, though occasioned by external preconditions, still essentially grounded in the character.
The new individuals, in their passions, obey their own nature, . . simply because they are what they are, Greek heroes also act in accordance with individuality, but in ancient tragedy such individuality is necessarily, . . a selfcontained ethical pathos In modern tragedy, however, the character in its peculiarity decides in accordance with subjective desires, . . such that congruity of character with outward ethical aim no longer constitutes an essential basis of tragic beauty Hegel,, pp,.

Happy Reading!

References
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